Risk factors of cerebral microbleeds in young and middle-aged patients with hypertension

Abstract

Background & Objectives: This study aimed to explore the incidence and potential risk factors of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in young and middle-aged patients with hypertension.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of young and middle-aged patients with hypertension in the Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China between August 2018 and December 2020. The demographic baseline, laboratory parameters and clinical imaging data were collected. Microbleed anatomical rating scale (MARS) was applied to evaluate the presence, amount, and topographical distributions of CMBs.

Results: Among 196 young and middle-aged patients with hypertension, 84 (42.9%) patients had CMBs. CMBs were more likely to occur in the deep brain tissue regions (41.8%), followed by lobar or infratentorial region. White matter hyperintensity (OR, 5.262; 95%CI, 1.314-21.075; P=0.019), abnormal lipid metabolism (OR, 3.832; 95%CI, 1.578-9.306; P=0.003), usage of anti-platelet aggregation drugs (OR, 2.947; 95%CI, 1.138-7.632; P=0.026), smoking history (OR, 3.218; 95%CI, 1.073-9.651; P=0.037), and hyperhomocysteinemia (OR, 1.415; 95%CI, 1.018-1.967; P=0.039) were independently associated with deep or infratentorial CMBs in young and middle-aged patients with hypertension. However, the occurrence of strictly lobar CMBs was only independently associated with abnormal lipid metabolism (OR, 4.162; 95%CI, 1.685-10.282; P=0.002).

Conclusions: The rate of CMBs was high in young and middle-aged patients with hypertension, most commonly occurring in the deep brain tissue region. While multiple risk factors were identified to be associated with deep or infratentorial CMBs, the occurrence of strictly lobar CMBs was only associated with abnormal lipid metabolism.